jamesjpeterson.com

It is a common belief of many people that politics and friendship cannot always go together.  Just as making new friends can be a tricky business, mixing politics and friendship together can equally be tricky. During our first meeting with a potential friend, we know that talking about politics is a no-no. Small talks are safe so long as we stick away from politics. Other taboo topics include religion and sexuality. These topics can spark passionate debate which can apparently result to heated arguments if both sides cannot reconcile their views. All said, politics as a topic during initial stages of friendship could almost certainly bust a blooming friendship too soon.  Is this always the case? Is it always advisable that we should not engage into topics of politics with someone we just met? Or is it okay to bring up politics with the person you are planning to develop a good friendship and romance in the future? Can friendship develop between you and another person if you hate his or her political views? On the other hand, is it always necessary to have the same political views to attain full friendship?

In many countries today, starting a political topic can create very intense argument to even result in violence, in some extreme cases. Hence, the advice to avoid a topic about politics with a person you do not know still holds true in many cases. In spite of this, it also is not always the rule at all times. Many friendships start at political conventions attended by persons with varying political views. You may be surrounded by thousands of good people who have extreme political views, but you also stand a good chance of making new friendships as well as having a great time discussing opposing political views. In it not uncommon for many people to find themselves knowing a stranger deeply and only realizing later on that they have opposing political views. With the upcoming Australian Federal Election, many Australians will find themselves in many instances immersed in political discussions, but with the knowledge that their network of friends will be largely unaffected.

While most people are not extremely passionate about their political preferences, political opinions can still potentially break up friendships and even marriages, especially during the early stages. This is the real reason why it is generally accepted that politics should be avoided when talking with a stranger or a person you do not know well yet. For some cases, even close friends will opt not to discuss politics. It is a fact that there are some people who are not just tolerant of people with other views about politics. Thus, it is very challenging to forge genuine friendships or love if one party has an opposite political belief.

In spite of this phenomenon, some people still managed to make successful marriages and friendships even though both parties have different views. Is there a secret for these success stories? Successful friendships and marriages are possible even if two people have opposing political beliefs so long as they are not very passionate in their respective views. Other cases use their opposing views to spice up their marriage or friendship by constantly engaging in healthy debates. For this case, respect is high for both sides that even their political views cannot break their friendship apart. For most cases though, good friends that do not share the same political belief simply avoid engaging in any political discussions altogether.

Over two hundred years have passed since its Independence, and Haiti remains trailing behind the developing world. Now that we have entered a new and strange phase in Haiti, perhaps the lowest ever, from sporadic kidnappings, murders, to a society of lawlessness, should we sit and wait for solutions from a dubious International Community? Or should we be seeking our own solutions to our existing problems? The country that used to be the model for freedom lovers now finds itself in a different kind of a struggle, a struggle where poverty, public safety, education and unemployment become the core enemy of its inhabitants. What should we do to eradicate Haiti’s rampant problems? Where should we begin? Or should we even bother? Others, including myself, would argue that, amongst other things, Haiti’s political party system is a menace to its political stability. Thus, we cannot turn our backs on Haiti. We must help control and reduce the problems of Haiti.

The land of Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Mackandal, after all, my land has amassed so much unsolved political mysteries that I frequently wonder where to start in the process of solving its dilemmas. Though I find it difficult to pinpoint the real reasons behind Haiti’s troubles, to not attempt to seek possible solutions is adding to its misery. I would say that one of the reasons why Haiti is trailing behind the developing world is the weakness of its political party system. In fact, it seems that Haiti’s political party system has greatly contributed to its current stalemate.

Following the fall of President Jean-Claude Duvalier, political parties have mushroomed throughout the country. Haitian “leaders” from all over the world, especially from the U.S, France and Canada invaded the streets of Port-au-Prince hoping to succeed Duvalier. It was a “marathon” to the presidency. Such an attitude was then understandable for there was a vacuum in the Haitian political system. However, I’m afraid that it continues till today. To mock the people, the word on the streets of Haiti was then “no more presidents for life”. While the “leaders” are calling for changes and “saying” no to president for life, they are elected for life within their own political parties. Isn’t this ironic? We can take RDNP/Lesly F. Manigat, MDN/Hubert Deronceray, and KONAKOM/Victor Benoit as examples of leaders who are elected for life within their political parties. It is a presidential ego that is driving them so blindly that nobody seems to notice the outcry of the Haitians to the political party system. The truth is such that these “leaders” would take a five years sabbatical from the public after losing a presidential election, however, if there’s a coup d’état, they would resurface hoping to be offered the presidency.

I truly am certain that these “leaders’” sole purpose is winning a presidential election. There is no evidence to support the contrary. These aforementioned “leaders” could have been remarkable lawmakers or great mayors but, in Haiti, there is a myth about the presidency. One has to become president to prove his patriotism or to prove what he can do for the Republic. Having said this, I would argue that political party reform is necessary and must take place in Haiti for we cannot let such a weak and poorly organized system decide on the future of the country. I mention the future of the country because; I believe that, the well-being of Haiti is fundamentally rest on the direction taken by its political party system. It is also true for long term political stability to take place in Haiti. In fact, long term political stability in Haiti is contingent upon a complete political party reform. The current system is problematic and an invitation to voting flaws and chaos as it has been proven to be so. The question becomes why so many Parties?

There are more than sixty-seven political parties in a country of approximately eight and a half million souls. This is a staggering number that tends to grow daily. Though successfully organized, the last presidential election in Haiti proved the weakness of the political parties to compete. Among 34 candidates running for the office of the presidency in February 2006, 33 of them ranked on the bottom 13% of the vote tallied. What this is suggesting is that a win for President Preval could very well be a loss for Haiti, that is to say, in the absence of a strong political process, the winner is deemed to be irrelevant. Because of so many candidates, the political process becomes a joke and, quite frankly, most Haitians are not willing to laugh at Haiti’s sadness; and so they would stay home and not participate in the electoral process. As such, the legitimacy of the vote will always be questioned. Whereas, has there been a three to four political party system, the electorates would have had a greater influence in choosing the highest authority figure of the land.

As Haiti tries to get back on track, with the new elected government of Preval/Alexis, there isn’t a better time to challenge the political party system of Haiti. This government should make political party reform one of its priorities in order for political stability to take place in Haiti. Sadly, in Haiti, if one disagrees with all of the existing political parties, he will gather a few friends, sometimes reactionaries, and form his political party. This practice is unacceptable and it must be stopped. Most of Haiti’s political parties are frankly what is known to be organization of peers and associates rather than political parties. We must set a clear difference between a political party and an organization of gangsters. A political party entails broad wisdom instead of the savoir-faire of a few narrow minded individuals whose sole purposes are trying to earn a living and winning a presidential election. When engaging in politics is no longer viewed as a way of earning a living, the number of Haiti’s political parties will be dramatically declined. What I’m suggesting here is that, when life becomes unbearable in Haiti, one forms a political party as a way of dealing with the hardship of life. This practice cannot be continued for it will ruin the country to the point of no return and we must therefore call for a complete political party reform in Haiti.

An alternative could be a Three Grand National Political Party System. As I attempt to address the problem of Haiti’s political party system, I would suggest the following 3 parties as an alternative to the current brouhaha:

1- LAVALAS

2- CONVERGENCE DEMOCRATIC

3- INDEPENDENT (including the group of 184)

As the principle political actors of Haiti, both LAVALAS and the CONVERGENCE DEMOCRATIC have proven to be well known, competitive and dominant. What is left to do is naming an Independent party. I would further argue that the group of 184 is perfectly fit to become the Independent party of Haiti. With these changes in place, Haitian “leaders” would be forced to depersonalize the political parties and work together by putting forth concrete ideas to better their respective parties. It would be excited to see Haitian “leaders” competing with each others in primaries within their own parties, wouldn’t it? At one point, when the Convergence Democratic emerged, I have sensed a change in the direction of the political party system in Haiti; but the vision of this group was far from what I propose above for the idea behind it was not for the love of Haiti but the hatred of Aristide. Anyone who followed Haitian’s politics of the past decade would concur that these 3 political entities combined would easily claim about 85% of the Haitian electorates, thus any other parties would be seen as a lesser figure in Haitian politics.

Is such a proposition realistic in Haiti? Some of us would be apt to argue that Haitians are not capable of working together for they are not trustworthy when it comes to defending the interest of Haiti. Nevertheless, I believe that we can go beyond our misgivings of each others and work together in the interest of Haiti. Should it be exactly my proposition? Absolutely not, but we must agree that Haiti’s political party system is in a dire need for reform.

Political party reform is a necessary endeavor that sooner or later must take place in Haiti seeing that the consequences of it not taking place are greater than we could imagine. The road to a political party reform in Haiti is not at all trouble-free; however, we cannot afford standing, hoping for a miracle from outsiders, while the country is draining away. Haiti is loudly crying for help and it will take courage, discipline, leadership, responsibility and sacrifices to meet its needs. As citizens of this lost paradise, it is our civic duty to put aside our political differences, come forward and launch a crusade behind political party reform in Haiti. We must fearlessly and vehemently come together and demand that our political party system be reformed, and to do the contrary, is simply saying “hell” to the spirits of our ancestors.

Haitianite.com Magazine [http://haitianite.com/index1.php] – Working Together To Uplift A Nation. For other articles related to History and Politics, please visit Haitianite.com [http://haitianite.com]

Overcoming public speaking phobia: Useful techniques on how to overcome and conquer the fear of public speaking.

Do you realize that people tend to rate the fear public speaking more than death? Ironically, that means more people will prefer to be in the coffin than giving the eulogy during a funeral.

Why Do People Fear Public Speaking

Glossophobia or speech anxiety is the fear of speaking in public and many people are known to experience it at least once in their lifetime.

According to various global surveys and statistics, the fear of public speaking ranks top among the world top ten fears, surpassing fear of spiders, fear of flying, fear of heights and often the fear of death itself.

Public speaking fear typical starts out as an increase in the speaker’s heart rate and dryness in the mouth. In extreme cases, panic, nausea, headaches and even anxiety attacks, would be experienced by the speaker before the speech starts.

Once the speech starts, the heart will start beating even more rapidly and the speaker will start hearing the tremble in their own voice. The speaker will start stuttering or start speaking rapidly. In extreme cases, the legs and even the body will visibly start to shake.

On the mental side, negative thoughts of looking foolish may start to cloud the speaker’s mind and their mind may go blank due to their overwhelming fear.

Even after a speech is over, prevalent thoughts of being embarrassed and looking stupid will occupy the mind of the speaker.

It is no wonder that most people would do anything to avoid such an experience.

How can one overcome such a powerful fear?

5 Simple Techniques for Overcoming the Fear of Public Speaking Phobia

There are many techniques for overcoming the fear of public speaking and here are some helpful ways to help you conquer public speech phobia and anxiety.

1) Rationalizing your Fear

People typically are afraid of public speaking because of the fear of looking and sounding foolish in public. This fear is an innate emotional response to a threat and is a basic and natural human response.

The only way to combat the fear is to train the mind to acknowledge that fear is normal and that everyone faces this fear in varies degrees.

The common misconception about excellent public speakers is that they are born with a natural flair for public speaking and are not afraid of speaking in public, which is totally incorrect.

Excellent public speakers are people who have mentally trained themselves to accept this fear and use it to propel themselves to extraordinary heights.

2) Come Prepared

The best way to gain confidence in conquering stage fright is to come well prepared for a speech. Knowing your topic well is the key to gaining confidence.

Good communications begins with an understanding of the audience. For example, if your audience is mostly primary school children, it is advisable to keep your sentence short and your language simple.

3) Practice Makes Perfect

Before speaking in front of a large audience, start by practicing in front of a mirror. Once the initially “silliness” is overcome, try practicing in front of your best friend or a small group of close friends and family.

Having a friendly crowd who are supportive of the speaker will definitely help in boosting self confidence.

4) Breathe In, Breathe Out

Remembering to keep calm is important when giving a speech. Give yourself three breaths to relax your body and mentally count to 10 before starting the speech.

Take note to speak in slow measured breathes when speaking. This will calm your nerves by bringing in more oxygen to your brain and also works in getting the audience to follow your train of thought.

5) Find a Reason to Just Do It… Again and Again

Excellent public speakers do not become excellent by giving one speech. They understand that confidence comes by giving many speeches.

Volunteer to give presentation at your company or get involved with a local toastmasters club that will give opportunities to practice public speaking. Seek out an instructor to give you advice and to push you to improve yourself when speaking.

Only by constantly giving speeches will you overcome the fear of public speaking and with time and practice, it only gets easier.

“You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can’t get them across, your ideas won’t get you anywhere.”

– Lee Iacocca

Do you know many great speakers use self hypnosis to overcome their nervousness and anxiety when speaking in public?

You too, can conquer this overwhelming phobia of speaking in public quickly and easily with public speaking hypnosis and become a more confident and effective public speaker TODAY!

The world needs great communicators. Be fearless!

Why temperature is so important

NB. F = Degrees Fahrenheit and C = Degrees Centigrade

Temperature is critical in determining how long to cook a turkey, for the simple fact that the bird must have reached a uniform temperature of at least 165 F throughout in order to destroy harmful bacteria. You do not want to give your guests food poisoning!

The turkey is a weird shaped food source! – Large body covered with thick flesh around the breast area, large legs made up of dense muscle and a large internal cavity. Because of this, it is not so easy as cooking a single joint of meet for example. The breast meat tends to cook much faster that the dense muscular leg meat, so there is a risk of over-cooking the breast meat whilst waiting for the leg meat to cook thoroughly.

Deciding how long to cook a turkey is not an easy question to answer as there are so many variable factors to consider.

The type of oven

With conventional gas or electric ovens (not Microwave, Convection, Rotisserie) the top of the oven is the hottest zone. The middle part of the oven is usually the coolest zone. The bottom part of the oven is usually also a cool zone in a gas oven, but in an electric oven this area can be a hot zone. As the turkey will remain in the same position throughout the cooking cycle, this will influence the length of time and how evenly the turkey cooks.

Microwave ovens work on an entirely different principle but due to the larger size of turkey compared to chicken, may not be large enough to cook turkey.

Convection ovens are more efficient than conventional ovens because an internal fan circulates hot air all around the food. Turkey cooked in a convection oven should be more evenly cooked with maybe a 50% saving in time.

Rotisserie ovens are also more efficient than conventional ovens because the food is continually turned allowing heat to penetrate evenly.

Size and weight of the turkey

No surprises here, but the larger and heavier the turkey, the longer the time period for cooking! If the turkey is so large that it only just fits into the oven, seriously consider using a bigger oven or buying a smaller turkey. The reason for this is that to cook the turkey thoroughly, there must be a good air space all around the turkey to enable hot air to circulate. If this is not the case then it will be difficult to gauge cooking times and ensure even cooking throughout.

Fresh or frozen turkey?

Many people prefer to cook a fresh turkey as the taste is said to be superior to frozen. Fresh turkey should be purchased 1 to 2 days prior to cooking and stored in a refrigerator. When ready to cook take out of the refrigerator and allow to come up towards room temperature.

Frozen turkey is more convenient for many people however and provided the correct thawing out procedure is followed, should be safe and tasty. Care must taken to follow the suppliers thawing out instructions correctly, including that applying to stuffing. A general guide to thawing frozen turkey stored in a refrigerator is to allow 24 hours for every 4-5 pounds weight (e.g. a 14 pounds turkey would take 3 to 4 days to thaw out).

Deciding how long to cook your turkey

Professional chefs cook their turkey at an oven temperature range 325 F to 350 F (170 C to 180 C).

As a guide, if you are cooking a 12 pounds weight fresh or thawed frozen turkey without stuffing using a conventional oven operating at a temperature of 325 F, the likely cooking time would be 3 Hours. When stuffing is placed within the turkey it will take a little longer to cook through so the cooking time must be increased. Refer to a good turkey cook book for full instructions.

Testing temperature when cooking your turkey

The old school method for testing when your turkey is cooked is to use a clean metal skewer. When the approximate cooking time is up, you take the turkey out of the oven and carefully pierce the thickest part of the leg with the skewer. Remove the skewer and press against the leg to see if the juices run out clear without any trace of pink – if the juices are clear then the turkey should be cooked.

There are more accurate methods available using modern technology, more suited to the amateur or newbie chef:

• Use a temperature probe food thermometer designed to be inserted directly into the turkey during the cooking process, as directed by manufacturers instructions. This continuously monitors the internal cooking temperature so you can be certain that the correct minimum temperature is achieved.
• Use a thermometer (designed for the specific purpose) to register the internal temperature of your oven so as to check the accuracy of your ovens temperature controls.
• When the turkey has cooked and has been removed from the oven, use an “instant read” probe food thermometer to check the internal temperature of various parts of the turkey e.g. legs, inner thigh, breast, internal cavity stuffing. The turkey should be allowed to rest for approximately 30 minutes after cooking and the internal temperature must be at least 165 F to ensure that the meat is cooked sufficiently well and safe to eat.

Turkey cooking tips

1. Some professional chefs suggest pre heating your oven to a much hotter initial temperature of 425 F ( 220 C ). Place your turkey in the oven and leave for approximately 15 minutes. Then reduce the temperature down to the correct range selected e.g. 325 F for the remaining time. The idea here is to give the turkey a good blast of heat which penetrates right into the meat and any stuffing.
2. Consider cooking stuffing outside the turkey in a casserole.
3. To protect the turkey breast from over-cooking and drying out, consider placing stuffing under the breast skin. You should carefully peel back the skin and work your fingers and then your hand under the skin to free it from the meat. Spoon the stuffing into the cavity and then replace the skin and secure down to avoid anything leaking out.

Enjoy your turkey dinner celebration!

The author is an enthusiastic home cook loving traditional recipes. For a complete guide to cooking turkey made easy visit http://howto-cookaturkey.com